Caracterización de los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad / Characterization of Community Older Adults with Colorectal Cancer

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es la neoplasia más frecuente del sistema digestivo en los adultos mayores. En Cuba es un problema de salud de primer orden por su elevada incidencia y mortalidad, que constituye la tercera causa de muerte. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en el Policlínico Sur de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptiva en el Policlínico Sur del municipio y la provincia de Sancti Spíritus de enero a marzo del 2019. Muestra intencional de 127 adultos mayores, pertenecientes a consultorios urbanos. Las variables: edad, sexo, escolaridad, estadio del cáncer colorrectal al diagnóstico, estado de salud, comorbilidades, capacidad y percepción del autocuidado y supervivencia. Para determinar el estadio al diagnóstico se utilizó la clasificación anatomoclínica. La comorbilidad se midió mediante el índice de Chalson mientras que para medir la capacidad y percepción del autocuidado se empleó el Test de CYPAC-AM. Resultados: En la caracterización de la muestra predominaron las mujeres, el grupo de edad entre 70 y 79 años y la escolaridad de secundaria básica. El estadio II, con un mal estado de salud y la inadecuada percepción de autocuidado, fue mayoritario. La comorbilidad fue moderada con una supervivencia entre 40 a 60 meses. Conclusiones: La adecuada caracterización de los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal en la comunidad posibilita trazar estrategias dirigidas a la mejora del autocuidado y el estado de salud de los gerontes desde el primer nivel de atención(AU)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most frequent neoplasm of the digestive system in older adults. In Cuba, it is a highly significant health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, also being the third cause of death. Objective: To characterize older adults with colorectal cancer at Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out in Policlínico Sur of Sancti Spíritus Municipality and Province from January to March 2019. The intentional sample was made up of 127 older adults, belonging to urban family medical offices. The variables were age, sex, school level, stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis, health status, comorbidities, selfcare capacity and perception, and survival. The anatomoclinical classification was used to determine the stage at diagnosis. Comorbidity was measured using the Chalson index, while the CYPAC-AM (older adult selfcare capacity and perception) test was used to measure selfcare capacity and perception. Results: In the characterization of the sample, there was a predominance of women, the age group between 70 and 79 years, and the junior high school level. Stage II prevailed, together with poor health status and inadequate selfcare perception. Comorbidity was moderate, with survival between 40 to 60 months. Conclusions: The adequate characterization of older adults with colorectal cancer in the community makes it possible to outline strategies aimed at improving selfcare and their health status from the first level of care(AU)

Medical preceptorship: perceptions and perspectives of new family doctors in Brazil / Preceptoria médica: percepções e perspectivas de novos médicos de família no Brasil

Abstract: Introduction: Learning in practical environments consists in an essential component of medical education. In recent decades, medical schools have sought to immerse their students in professional settings since the early years of studying. In these scenarios, the preceptors, more experienced physicians, are responsible for supporting their students in the development of professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and perspectives of participants of the Preceptorship Training Course (PTC) in Family Medicine - UNA-SUS about preceptorship and medical education. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study was conducted in two phases: 'Population Outlining' phase, including participants' academic data, and 'Survey Questionnaire' phase, performed by applying a questionnaire through a digital platform. Results: The 'Population Outlining' identified 2,530 participants in the PTC, with the predominance of females and southeastern residents. The 'Survey Questionnaire' phase constituted of 232 respondents, of whom 73.4% reported acknowledging their preceptors' contributions, and more than 90% expressed interest in teaching activities, valuing their curriculum enhancement and academic acknowledge. Conclusion: Our findings evidenced positive perceptions about preceptorship and a propensity to engage in teaching activities among the participants, reinforcing the importance of debates about qualification, recruiting and retention of preceptors.

Resumo: Introdução: O aprendizado em ambientes práticos consiste em um componente essencial da educação médica. Nas últimas décadas, as escolas médicas têm procurado imergir os estudantes em ambientes profissionais desde os primeiros anos do curso. Nesses cenários, médicos mais experientes, preceptores, são responsáveis por apoiar seus aprendizes no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes profissionais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as percepções e perspectivas de participantes do curso de Especialização em Preceptoria em Medicina de Família - UNA-SUS sobre preceptoria e educação médica. Método: O estudo quantitativo descritivo foi realizado em duas fases: "delineamento da população", que incluiu dados acadêmicos dos participantes, e "questionário de pesquisa", em que se aplicou um questionário por meio de uma plataforma digital. Resultado: O "delineamento da população" identificou 2.530 participantes do curso de Especialização, com predominância do sexo feminino e moradores da Região Sudeste. A fase "questionário da pesquisa" foi composta por 232 respondentes, dos quais 73,4% relataram reconhecer as contribuições de seus preceptores, e mais de 90% manifestaram interesse em atividades de ensino, valorizando sua valorização curricular e seu reconhecimento acadêmico. Conclusão: Nossos achados evidenciaram percepções positivas sobre a preceptoria e a propensão ao engajamento em atividades docentes dos participantes, reforçando a importância de debates sobre qualificação, recrutamento e retenção de preceptores.

A Qualitative Study Exploring the Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning of Family Medicine Course among Undergraduates in a Local University in Malaysia

@#Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the global teaching and learning process (TnL). Unfortunately, to date, not many qualitative studies have been published specifically on the impact of COVID-19 on the Family Medicine course, particularly in Malaysia. Hence, this study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learning experience of undergraduate students undergoing their Family Medicine course at a local university. Methods: A qualitative study using focused group discussion (FGD), was conducted among undergraduate students during the lockdown period. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 20 students, in their fifth undergraduate year, undertaking their fourth to fifth week of a total six-week course. They were selected using purposive snowball sampling method. There were four focus group discussions (FGD) with five students in a group. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and the contents were analysed using the standard content analysis framework. Subsequently, thematic content analysis was conducted, and three major themes were produced. Results: The three major themes were (1) facilitators to learning, (2) barriers to learning, and (3) rooms for improvement. Conclusion: Although COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact on TnL of Family Medicine course among undergraduates, the students remained optimistic and proposed some improvement from their point of view. However, a creative, realistic, effective, and impactful way of TnL, particularly in clinical aspects should be developed and experimented. Technological progress and advancement should permit this idea to be achievable and implemented in near future.

Fellowship training of family medicine in the United States and its implications for China / 中华全科医师杂志

The study utilized a cross-sectional design. Data was retrieved from the American Academy of Family Physicians fellowship training directory, including program names, areas of focus, program length, and program descriptions. The collected data was categorized and analyzed based on areas of focus and training duration. The program descriptions were also analyzed qualitatively using Nvivo12 software. A total of 532 programs were included in the study:295 programs (55.5%) were ACGME-certified, while 237 programs (44.5%) were not. The majority of programs, 468 (87.9%), were clinically oriented, while 64 programs (12.1%) were non-clinical. Among ACGME-certified programs, the largest number of programs were in sports medicine (121 programs), followed by geriatrics (52 programs). Among non-certified programs, the largest number of programs was in obstetrics (66 programs), accounting for 27.8% of all non-certified programs. Qualitative research found that fellowship programs were diverse, reflecting the societal demands of healthcare service. Moreover, a significant emphasis was placed on empowering teaching and research abilities.The family medicine fellowship programs in the United States cover a wide range of disciplines and meet both the professional interests of doctors and the needs of patients. As China continues to implement its tiered medical system, it can learn from the experience of the United States and develop general practice subspecialty training programs, thereby improving the service capacity of general practitioners and improve the quality of healthcare.

Qual família e qual comunidade? Reconfigurações da Medicina de Família e Comunidade na saúde suplementar / ¿Qué familia y qué comunidad? Reconfiguraciones de la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en salud complementaria / Which family and which community? Reconfigurations of Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health

RESUMO: Trata-se de um estudo cartográfico que buscou analisar a atuação de médicos(as) de família e comunidade na Atenção Primária da saúde suplementar, realizado por meio de diários e entrevistas cartográficas entre março de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, processados semanalmente em reuniões de pesquisa. Tal estudo se deu com base nos analisadores: 'território', 'família' e 'comunidade'. Notou-se que a territorialização e a abordagem familiar ganham outros contornos na Medicina de Família e Comunidade praticada na saúde suplementar. Além disso, verificou-se que algumas das ferramentas típicas da Atenção Básica - como visita domiciliar, educação em saúde, genograma, ecomapa e vigilância em saúde - não eram utilizadas na atenção suplementar ou tiveram outras aplicabilidades dissonantes do modelo preconizado. Concluiu-se que a Medicina de Família e Comunidade na saúde suplementar se aproxima de uma atuação mais clínica, com perda da potência das linhas de força que constituem tal especialidade, tendendo a uma medicina menos familiar e comunitária.

RESUMEN: Se trata de un estudio cartográfico que buscó analizar el desempeño de los médicos de familia y comunidad en atención primaria de salud complementaria, realizado a través de diarios y entrevistas cartográficas entre marzo de 2021 y enero de 2022, que fueron procesados semanalmente en reuniones de investigación. Este estudio se basó en los analizadores: 'territorio', 'familia' y 'comunidad'. Se observó que la territorialización y el enfoque familiar adquieren otros contornos en la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria practicada en salud complementaria. Además, se encontró que algunas de las herramientas típicas de la atención básica, como las visitas domiciliarias, la educación sanitaria, el genograma, el ecomap y la vigilancia sanitaria, no se utilizaron en la atención complementaria o tenían otra aplicabilidad disonante del modelo recomendado. Se concluyó que la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en salud complementaria se aproxima a una práctica más clínica, con pérdida de potencia de las líneas eléctricas que constituyen dicha especialidad, tendiendo a una medicina menos familiar y comunitaria.

ABSTRACT: This is a cartographic study that sought to analyze the performance of family and community physicians in primary care of supplementary health, carried out through diaries and cartographic interviews between March 2021 and January 2022, which were weekly processed in research meetings. This study was based on the analyzers: 'territory', 'family' and 'community'. It was noticed that territorialization and family approach gain other contours in Family and Community Medicine practiced in supplementary health. In addition, it was found that some of the typical tools of basic care - such as home visits, health education, genogram, ecomap and health surveillance - were not used in supplementary care or had other dissonant applicabilities of the recommended model. It was concluded that Family and Community Medicine in supplementary health approaches a more clinical practice, with loss of power from the power lines that constitute such specialty, tending to a less familiar and community medicine.

Improving outcomes in co-morbid diabetes and COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study

Background: High-risk people living with diabetes (PLWD) have increased risk for morbidity and mortality. During the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave in 2020 in Cape Town, South Africa, high-risk PLWD with COVID-19 were fast-tracked into a field hospital and managed aggressively. This study evaluated the effects of this intervention by assessing the impact of this intervention on clinical outcomes in this cohort. Methods: A retrospective quasi-experimental study design compared patients admitted pre- and post-intervention. Results: A total of 183 participants were enrolled, with the two groups having similar demographic and clinical pre-Covid-19 baselines. Glucose control on admission was better in the experimental group (8.1% vs 9.3% [p = 0.013]). The experimental group needed less oxygen (p < 0.001), fewer antibiotics (p < 0.001) and fewer steroids (p = 0.003), while the control group had a higher incidence of acute kidney injury during admission (p = 0.046). The median glucose control was better in the experimental group (8.3 vs 10.0; p = 0.006). The two groups had similar clinical outcomes for discharge home (94% vs 89%), escalation in care (2% vs 3%) and inpatient death (4% vs 8%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a risk-based approach to high-risk PLWD with COVID-19 may yield good clinical outcomes while making financial savings and preventing emotional distress. Contribution: We propose a risk-based approach to guide clinical management of high risk patients, which departs significantly from the current disease-based model. More research using randomised control trial methodology should explore this hypothesis.

Pain Management and Treatment: Primary Healthcare's Role

Pain is invariably present in most of the primary care medical requests. The general practitioner plays a key role in its adequate diagnosis and managing. Chronic pain is especially common between the elderly, who require a careful pharmacological prescription. Non-pharmacological therapies have few adverse effects and can be used alone or in combination with pharmacological therapies. Since effective pain control is a duty of health professionals and a human right for patients, it is of the utmost importance that we make this institutional investment in order to make this a reality.

La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor del residente de Medicina General Integral / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Definir la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor en la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental de enero a diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron la base de datos Pubmed y la biblioteca científica electrónica SciELO, así como el buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Desarrollo: Se identificaron regularidades entre los autores de la comunidad científica de la Educación Avanzada: proceso vinculado con los objetos de la pedagogía desde la actuación y el comportamiento de los especialistas con funciones docentes como tutores; se realiza a partir del cumplimiento de los objetivos y métodos propios de su contenido de trabajo; se refiere a ejercer las actividades con cuidado, precisión, exactitud, profundidad, originalidad y rapidez, y está asociado con el proceso de profesionalización. Conclusiones: Se definió la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral como un proceso sistemático, continuo y flexible que permite comprobar, medir y valorar el cumplimiento de las funciones, acciones y tareas que se expresan en el modo de actuación profesional del tutor desde lo relacionado con el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, en correspondencia con las exigencias actuales en el contexto de la educación en el trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educational process. Objective: To define the evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January to December 2020. Database Pubmed, the scientific electronic library SciELO, and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles, and Web sites published less than 10 years ago in both Spanish and English that made reference to the topic through the title were evaluated. Development: Regularities among authors from the scientific community in Advanced Education were identified: process related to the objects of pedagogy from the action and behavior of specialists with the teaching roles of tutors, which starts from the fulfillment of the objectives and own methods of the work content, and refers to undertake the activities carefully to ensure precision, accuracy, depth, originality, and speed all of which is associated with the professionalization process. Conclusions: The evaluation of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine is defined as a systematic, continuous, and flexible process that allows to check, measure, and evaluate the fulfillment of the functions, actions, and tasks expressed in the professional performance of the tutor from knowing, knowing how to do, and knowing how to be in accordance with the current requirements within the context of in-service training(AU)

Diagnostic costs: a research in a family medicine outpatient clinic

The aim of this study is to evaluate the direct diagnostic costs for disease groups and other variables (such as gender, age, seasons) that are related to the direct diagnostic costs based on a 3-year data. The population of the study consisted of 31,401 patients who applied to family medicine outpatient clinic in Turkey between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2018. With this study, we determined in which disease groups of the family medicine outpatient clinic weremost frequently admitted. Then, total and average diagnostic costs for these disease groups were calculated. Three-year data gave us the opportunity to examine the trend in diagnostic costs. Based on this, we demonstratedwhich diseases' total and average diagnostic costs increased or decreased during 3 years. Moreover, we examined how diagnostic costs showed a trend in both Turkish liras and USA dollars' rate for 3 years. Finally, we analysedwhether the diagnostic costs differed according to variables such as age, gender and season. There has been relatively little analysis on the diagnostic costs in the previous literature. Therefore, we expect to contribute to both theoristsand healthcare managers for diagnostic costs with this study.

Conducta sexual en el Altiplano, un estudio con estudiantes universitarios / Sexual behavior in the Altiplano, a study with university students / Comportamento sexual no Altiplano, estudo com universitários

En la actualidad diversos problemas de salud pública afectan las naciones, como los embarazos adolescentes, el inicio de la vida sexual a tempranas edades, la masificación del uso de redes sociales y su influencia en adolescentes y jóvenes, convirtiéndose este último en un peligro para la educación sexual y reproductiva. Objetivo. determinar las características y los factores que influyen en la conducta sexual reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios del Altiplano Peruano (AP). Materiales y Métodos. Corresponde al tipo no experimental, con diseño descriptivo correlacional, la muestra de estudio estuvo conformado por 202 estudiantes entre varones y mujeres seleccionados bajo un criterio no probabilístico. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de 20 ítems que permitió caracterizar la conducta sexual de la muestra. Resultados. Revelan que en el AP el inicio de la VSA se da mayormente a los 18 años siendo el principal factor de abstención el no sentirse preparado. Además, los factores que influyen en el inicio de la VSA son el sexo, la estructura familiar, y las fuentes de información. Así mismo, se encontró que los varones tienden a la promiscuidad más que las mujeres, y que existe un mayor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas durante las relaciones sexuales en varones. Conclusiones. Los universitarios del AP, tienen un inicio de VSA tardía sobre todo las mujeres, siendo los factores influyentes la información formal sobre sexualidad que reciben, y la funcionalidad familiar como predictor del inicio tardío de la VSA.

Currently, several public health problems affect nations, such as teenage pregnancies, the beginning of sexual life at an early age, the massive use of social networks and their influence on adolescents and young people, the latter becoming a danger for sexual and reproductive education. Objective. to determine the characteristics and factors that influence sexual and reproductive behavior in university students of the Peruvian Altiplano (AP). Materials and Methods. The study sample consisted of 202 male and female students selected under a non-probabilistic criterion. The instrument used was a 20-item questionnaire that allowed characterizing the sexual behavior of the sample. Results. They reveal that in the AP the onset of SAV occurs mostly at 18 years of age, the main factor of abstention being not feeling ready. In addition, the factors that influence the onset of SAV are sex, family structure, and sources of information. It was also found that males tend to be more promiscuous than females, and that there is a greater consumption of alcoholic beverages during sexual intercourse in males. Conclusions. The AP university students, especially women, have a late onset of SAV, being influential factors the formal information on sexuality that they receive, and family functionality as a predictor of late onset of SAV.

Atualmente, vários problemas de saúde pública afetam as nações, como a gravidez na adolescência, o início da vida sexual em tenra idade, o uso generalizado de redes sociais e sua influência sobre adolescentes e jovens, estes últimos se tornando um perigo para a educação sexual e reprodutiva. Objetivo. Determinar as características e fatores que influenciam o comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de estudantes universitários no Altiplano peruano (AP). Materiais e métodos. Corresponde ao tipo não experimental, com um desenho descritivo correlacional, a amostra de estudo consistiu de 202 estudantes masculinos e femininos selecionados sob um critério não probabilístico. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário de 20 itens que tornou possível caracterizar o comportamento sexual da amostra. Resultados. Eles revelam que na AP, o início do SAV ocorre principalmente aos 18 anos de idade, sendo que o principal fator de abstenção não se sente pronto. Além disso, os fatores que influenciam o início do SAV são sexo, estrutura familiar e fontes de informação. Também foi constatado que os homens tendem a ser mais promíscuos que as mulheres, e que há um maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante o ato sexual nos homens. Conclusões. Os estudantes universitários da AP têm um início tardio do SAV, especialmente as mulheres, com informações formais sobre sexualidade e funcionamento da família como preditores do início tardio do SAV sendo fatores influentes.

"Avançado" ou "precipitado"? Sobre o Modelo de Acesso Avançado/Aberto na Atenção Primária à Saúde / "Advanced" or "precipitate"? About the Advanced/Open Access Model in Primary Health Care / ¿"Avanzado" o "apresurado"? Sobre el Modelo de Acceso Avanzado/Abierto en Atención Primaria de Salud

Resumo O modelo de Acesso Avançado ou Aberto (Advanced/Open Access) vem sendo estimulado por gestores e valorizado pela medicina de família e comunidade brasileira como modelo de gestão da clínica na Equipe de Saúde da Família. Este artigo de revisão integrativa discute como essa tecnologia pode qualificar ou prejudicar a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Embora ajude a promover mudanças necessárias em agendas tradicionalmente voltadas para ações programáticas, o modelo tem um forte viés gerencialista. Ao desconsiderar premissas básicas, sua implantação pode resultar em sofrimento do profissional e em sua alienação perante o território e o cuidado integral em saúde, além de reforçar o modelo biomédico e a medicalização social. Apontamos caminhos para que 'avançado' não signifique 'precipitado', destacando que uma implantação com base no diálogo entre trabalhadores, gestores e usuários parece mais coerente com a própria literatura sobre Acesso Avançado e com a produção nacional sobre Acolhimento no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract The Advanced/Open Access model has been encouraged by managers and valued by Brazilian family and community medicine as a model of clinical management in the Family Health Team. This integrative review article discusses how this technology can qualify or hinder Primary Health Care. Although it helps to promote necessary changes in agendas traditionally focused on programmatic actions, the model has a strong managerialist bias. By disregarding basic premises, its implementation may result in professional suffering and alienation from the territory and integral health care, besides reinforcing the biomedical model and social medicalization. We point out ways for 'advanced' not to mean 'precipitate', highlighting that an implementation based on dialogue among workers, managers, and users seems more coherent with the literature on Advanced Access and with the national production on Welcoming in the Unified Health System.

Resumen El modelo de Acceso Avanzado o Abierto (Advanced/Open Access) ha sido estimulado por los gestores y valorado por la medicina de familia y por la comunidad brasileña como modelo de gestión de la clínica en el Equipo de Salud de la Familia. Este artículo de revisión integradora analiza cómo esta tecnología puede calificar o perjudicar la Atención Primaria de Salud. Si bien ayuda a promover cambios necesarios en agendas tradicionalmente enfocadas en acciones programáticas, el modelo tiene un fuerte sesgo administrativista. Al desconocer premisas básicas, su implementación puede resultar en sufrimiento del profesional y en su alienación ante el territorio y del cuidado integral en salud, además de reforzar el modelo biomédico y la medicalización social. Señalamos caminos para que 'avanzado' no signifique 'apresurado', destacando que una implementación basada en el diálogo entre trabajadores, gestores y usuarios parece más coherente con la literatura sobre Acceso Avanzado y con la producción nacional sobre Acogida en el Sistema Único de Salud.

Changes in Outpatient Visits to the Family Medicine Centre at a Medium-Sized Urban Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Patient Characteristics and Reason for Encounter / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Introduction: This study assessed the changes in outpatient visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Subjects were patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Family Medicine Centre at Kanai Hospital between April and May in 2019 and 2020. We compared the number of outpatients, their age, and their reasons for encounter (RFEs) classified according to the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd Edition between 2019 and 2020.Results: A total of 1159 patients in 2019 and 859 patients in 2020 were evaluated. There were 553 male patients in 2019 and 452 in 2020 (P =0.029). The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years in 2019 and 52.4 years in 2020 (P =0.010). The mean number of patients per day was 25.2 in 2019 and 17.9 in 2020 (P < 0.001), with a significant reduction in patients aged 0-4 years in 2020 relative to 2019 (3.64 in 2019 vs.1.02 in 2020; P < 0.001). On evaluation of RFEs classified by organic system, the proportion of respiratory RFEs decreased from 45.3% in 2019 to 31.6% in 2020 (P =0.026), and gastrointestinal RFEs decreased from 17.9% to 5.3% (P =0.003) among children. Among adults, the proportion of respiratory RFEs decreased from 22.6% in 2019 to 15.6% in 2020 (P < 0.001) and skin RFEs decreased from 20.1% in 2019 to 15.3% in 2020 (P =0.011).Conclusion: The number of outpatients decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were differences in the proportion of RFEs between the two periods.

Mastering your fellowship: Part 3, 2022

The series, 'Mastering your Fellowship', provides examples of the question formats encountered in the written and clinical examinations, Part A of the Fellowship of the College of Family Physicians of South Africa (FCFP SA) examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars (and their supervisors) prepare for this examination.Keywords: family physicians; FCFP (SA) examination; family medicine registrars; postgraduate training; national exit examination; infectious diseases.

Building the foundation for universal healthcare: Academic family medicine's ability to train family medicine practitioners to meet the needs of their community across the globe

Background: The Declaration of Astana marked a revived global interest in investing in primary care as a means to achieve universal healthcare. Family medicine clinicians are uniquely trained to provide high-quality, comprehensive primary care throughout the lifespan. Yet little focus has been placed on understanding the needs of family medicine training programs. Aim: This study aims to assess broad patterns of strengths and resource challenges faced by academic programs that train family medicine clinicians. Methods: An anonymous online survey was sent to family medicine faculty using World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) listservs. Results: Twenty-nine representatives of academic family medicine programs from around the globe answered the survey. Respondents cited funding for the program and/or individual trainees as one of either their greatest resources or greatest limitations. Frequently available resources included quality and quantity of faculty and reliable clinical training sites. Frequently noted limitations included recruitment capacity and social capital. Over half of respondents reported their program had at some point faced a disruption or gap in its ability to recruit or train, most often because of loss of government recognition. Reflecting on these patterns, respondents expressed strong interest in partnerships focusing on faculty development and research collaboration. Lessons learnt: This study provides a better understanding of the challenges family medicine training programs face and how to contribute to their sustainability and growth, particularly in terms of areas for investment, opportunities for government policy and action and areas of collaboration.

Mastering Your Fellowship: Part 4, 2022

The 'Mastering Your Fellowship' series provides examples of the question format encountered in the written and clinical examinations, Part A of the Fellowship of the College of Family Physicians of South Africa examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars prepare for this examination.

Caracterización del programa de salud cardiovascular GES DM2 e HTA bajo un modelo de intervenciones múltiples en una Unidad de Salud Familiar (UMF) de un centro médico privado / Characterization of a cardiovascular health program in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension, under a model of multiple interventions in a Family Medicine Health Unit, of a private medical center

In the Family Medicine Unit (UMF) of the UC Health Network there is a program of multiple interventions based on a Chronic Control Model (CCM), led by a nurse who coordinates the activities and ensures compliance, aspiring to a change in its model of care and self-sustainability. It has been running for several years and its implementation and results have not been evaluated. Objective: This study aims to describe the situation of the Program, at its different levels: structure, processes and results. Material and method: Observational, descriptive longitudinal study of patients seen between July 2010 and June 2012, based on: methodology proposed by A. Donabedian; E. Wagner recommendations for the MTC; Monthly Statistical Registers and recommendations of the GES DM2 and HTA (MINSAL) Guides. Results: Hypertensive patients present a reduction of 11.2 mmHg in SBP and 7.8 mmHg in DBP (p 0.04). Diabetics present a reduction in HbA1c by 1.5 percentage points (p 0.04), and mixed patients present a SBP / DBP reduction of 10.3 and 6.8 mmHg respectively and an HbA1c reduction of 1.1 percentage points (p 0.092). Conclusions: After an average of 15 months, hypertensive patients significantly improve their mean SBP, DBP and compensation percentages; diabetics significantly improve their mean HbA1c and compensation percentages; mixed patients manage to improve their blood pressure and HbA1c levels, but this is not statistically significant.

Desafíos para los médicos de familia ante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Challenges for family doctors in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN La atención primaria de salud es el área de actuación fundamental de la medicina familiar y una herramienta clave para su desarrollo. Al ser declarada como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la COVID-19 ha hecho que los sistemas de salud consideren los sólidos servicios de atención primaria como base de la respuesta ante esta emergencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los médicos de familia en la atención a pacientes sospechosos o confirmados por la COVID-19. Es necesario que el personal de salud y toda la población conozcan las características del nuevo coronavirus. En Cuba, existe un Protocolo Nacional contra la COVID-19, en constante actualización, donde se definen los criterios de casos, las principales medidas preventivas y el tratamiento para combatir la enfermedad. El médico familiar debe establecer consultas de clasificación para atender los pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias agudas; de esta manera se evita el contacto con los demás pacientes que acuden con otros problemas de salud. Asimismo, debe insistir en las medidas preventivas y tratar los casos sospechosos y confirmados, mantenerse actualizado, realizar pesquisa activa de los casos, garantizar la atención de las personas que se encuentran en los centros de aislamiento, e investigar cada una de las características de la enfermedad. A modo de conclusión, se plantea que la medicina familiar es necesaria para prevenir la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019. Son varios los retos y desafíos que deben enfrentar los médicos de familia ante la pandemia (AU).

ABSTRACT Primary health care is the main area of action of family medicine and a key tool for its development. Being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, COVID-19 has made health systems consider solid primary care services as the basis of the response to this emergency. The aim of this paper was to describe the challenges faced by family physicians in taking care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed patients. The health care staff and the entire population need to know the characteristics of the novel coronavirus. There is a National Protocol against COVID-19 in Cuba that is regularly updated; it defines the cases criteria, the main preventive measures and the treatment to fight the disease. The family doctor should establish classification consultations to take care of patients with acute respiratory diseases; this avoids contact with the rest of patients who come with other health problems. They should also insist on preventive measures and take care of suspicious and confirmed cases; keep themselves updated; carry out an active investigation of cases; ensure the care of persons in isolation centers, and study each of the characteristics of the disease. As a conclusion, it is indicated that family medicine is necessary to prevent coronavirus disease 2019. There are several challenges and defies that family doctors must face in the face of the pandemic (AU).

Telemedicina en tiempos de covid-19 ¡más que un medio, una oportunidad! / Telemedicine in times of covid-19. More than a means, an opportunity!

La telemedicina se implementó en muchos países en tiempo de pandemia por el nuevo Coronavirus, los beneficios que brinda y cómo podemos mejorar los servicios de atención en el sistema nacional de salud en el Ecuador. Objetivo: describir el proceso en telemedicinas en tiempos de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: El presente artículo fue realizado bajo la perspectiva de una revisión bibliográfica de nivel descriptivo, monográfico. La técnica aplicada fue el fichaje bibliográfico y el análisis sistemático de los documentos encontrados en la web. Conclusión: Se describen brevemente los logros en los países como China, España, América latina y la implementación en el sistema nacional de salud ecuatoriano como estrategia para cubrir la demanda de atención que se presentaron en los meses con más altos de contagios por Covid-19, además de recomendaciones desde la medicina familiar para continuar implementando la Telemedicina en el primer nivel de atención en tiempos de pandemia(AU)

Telemedicine was implemented in many countries in times of the new Coronavirus pandemic, the benefits it provides and how we can improve care services in the national health system in Ecuador. Objective: to describe the telemedicine process in times of COVID-19. Materials and methods: This article was carried out from the perspective of a descriptive, monographic level bibliographic review. The applied technique was the bibliographic record and the systematic analysis of the documents found on the web. Conclusion: Theachievements in countries such as China, Spain, Latin America and the implementation in the Ecuadorian national health system as a strategy to cover the demand for care that occurred in the months with the highest number of infections by Covid-19 are briefly described. , in addition to recommendations from family medicine to continue implementing Telemedicine at the first level of care in times of pandemic(AU)

Médico de familia y atención integral a la salud del trabajador / Family Medicine Doctor and Comprehensive Care of Workers' Health

ntroducción: En Cuba, el Ministerio de Salud Pública tiene organizado en el consultorio médico de la comunidad la realización de los chequeos médicos a los trabajadores que en su centro no cuentan con Equipo Básico de Salud, aunque reconoce se debe perfeccionar su calidad, sistematicidad y la superación médica sobre el tema. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de formación y actualización sistemática del médico de familia en materia de ambiente laboral para la atención integral a la salud del trabajador. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el período comprendido marzo a septiembre de 2020, para lo cual se utilizaron diferentes motores de búsqueda que permitieron acceder a varias bases de datos referenciales, que ofrecían textos completos, índices y publicaciones periódicas académicas, entre ellas BIREME, Ebsco, SciELO regional, PubMed y otras. Los principales procedimientos teóricos aplicados fueron la inducción-deducción, análisis-síntesis, la abstracción e integración que posibilitaron realizar una valoración histórica y sistemática del objeto estudiado. Conclusiones: La superación profesional influye en el mejoramiento de la calidad de los servicios, el nivel de satisfacción y el reconocimiento social; el médico de familia es el pilar en los logros de la salud de la población, que incluye a los trabajadores; es quien, al ofrecerles las herramientas y las asesorías necesarias, podrá brindar una atención médica integral a la comunidad asignada(AU)

Introduction: In Cuba, the Ministry of Public Health has organized medical check-ups in the family medical office for workers who do not have a basic health team in their work centers, although the Ministry recognizes that its quality, systematicity and medical improvement on the subject should be upgraded. Objective: To analyze the process of training and systematic updating of the family medicine doctors on issues concerning work environment for the comprehensive care of the workers' health. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the period from March to September 2020. Different search engines were used, which allowed access to various referential databases. These offered full texts, indexes and academic periodical publications, and included BIREME, Ebsco, SciELO regional, PubMed and others. The main theoretical procedures applied were induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis, as well as abstraction and integration, which made it possible to carry out a historical and systematic assessment of the object studied. Conclusions: Professional improvement influences the upgrading of the quality of services, as well as the level of satisfaction and social recognition. The family medicine doctor is the cornerstone for the achievements of population health, which includes workers. Such physician is who, by offering them the necessary tools and advice, will be able to provide comprehensive medical care to the assigned community(AU)

Producción científica sobre la COVID-19 y Medicina Familiar en DIMENSIONS / Scientific production on COVID-19 and Family Medicine in DIMENSIONS / Produção científica sobre COVID-19 e Medicina de Família em DIMENSÕES

RESUMEN El análisis bibliométrico permite observar tendencias dentro de la literatura científica, extraer conclusiones sobre el impacto del material publicado y, lo que es más importante, dirigir los esfuerzos de investigación y financiación de una manera más informada. Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo, de carácter transversal, de tipología bibliométrica con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción científica de la COVID-19 y la Medicina Familiar en la base de datos DIMENSIONS durante el periodo de enero hasta julio del 2020. La base de datos DIMENSIONS permitió obtener información de los 10 mil 738 artículos que formaron parte de la muestra. Se utilizó VOSviewer para la obtención de matrices, la visualización y análisis, así como la colaboración entre investigadores. Se generó toda la información a través de mapas científicos. Predominaron los artículos por autores en investigaciones conjuntas a organizaciones de países como China, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos de América e Italia; todas de alto prestigio internacional y en revistas de alto impacto científico. La citabilidad de los documentos preponderó en los países, en orden decreciente, Estados Unidos de América, China, Reino Unido, Italia y otros en menor cuantía.

ABSTRACT Bibliometric analysis allows observing trends within the scientific literature, drawing conclusions about the impact of published material, and most importantly directing research and funding efforts in a more informed way. An observational and descriptive study, of a cross-sectional nature, of a bibliometric typology was carried out in order to characterize the scientific production of COVID-19 and Family Medicine in the DIMENSIONS database during the period from January to July 2020. The base of DIMENSIONS data allowed obtaining information on the 10 thousand 738 articles that were part of the sample. VOSviewer was used for matrix extraction, visualization and analysis, as well as collaboration between investigators. All the information was generated through scientific maps. Articles by authors predominated in joint research with organizations from countries such as China, England, the United States of America and Italy; all of high international prestige and in journals of high scientific impact. The citation of the documents prevailed in the countries, in decreasing order, the United States of America, China, United Kingdom, Italy and others to a lesser extent.

RESUMO A anúlese bibliométrica permite observar tendências na literatura científica, tirar conclusões sobre o impacto do material publicado e, o maxis importante, direcionar os éforos de pesquisa e financiamiento de uma forma mais informada. Foi realizado um estudo observacional e descritivo, de natureza transversal, de tipologia bibliométrica, como objetivo de caracterizar a produção científica do COVID-19 e da Medicina de Família na base de dados DIMENSIONS no período de janeiro a julho de 2020. A base de Os dados de DIMENSÕES permitiram obter informações sobre os 10 mil 738 artigos que fizeram parte da amostra. O VOSviewer foi usado para extração, visualização e análise da matriz, bem como colaboração entre os investigadores. Todas as informações foram geradas por meio de mapas científicos. Os artigos de autores predominaram em pesquisas conjuntas com organizações de países como China, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos da América e Itália; todos de alto prestígio internacional e em periódicos de alto impacto científico. A citação dos documentos prevaleceu nos países, em ordem decrescente, Estados Unidos da América, China, Reino Unido, Itália e outros em menor escala.